A website comprises a collection of HTML documents, each accessible as individual webpages through a single URL via a browser. Beyond traditional text, websites may also feature images, videos, and other media. Additionally, web applications enable user interaction with a site. The individual pages within a website are more accurately termed webpages, with alternative names including a homepage or an internet site.
In 1990, the first-ever website was launched by a CERN research project employee in Geneva. By 1993, the World Wide Web had expanded globally, allowing websites to be accessed worldwide through internet connections.
Initially, websites were largely text-based with minimal imagery. As the internet commercialized and bandwidth increased, websites grew more sophisticated. Nevertheless, the rise of mobile internet usage has prompted a shift towards simpler designs.
Today, over 1.3 billion websites exist globally, ranging from single-page sites created with homepage builders to intricate professional online stores with thousands of subpages. Notably, many websites remain inaccessible via public networks, such as corporate intranets or the "dark web," requiring specific browsers for access. Therefore, the actual number of websites likely exceeds the 1.3 billion mark.
Global website traffic generates over four billion gigabytes of data daily.
Modern websites typically consist of multiple webpages. These pages are HTML documents stored within a domain's directory. It's important not to conflate the domain with the website itself; the domain serves as the internet address through which website content is accessed.
HTML is a page description language, not a programming language. It dictates the display of elements, such as fonts, colors, images, or videos, based on the accessing device (e.g., desktop or smartphone). When a website adapts to mobile requirements, it's called responsive design.
Webpages are stored in directories, each forming its own URL. Users can access a page by entering the URL. Search engines also store URLs for webpages, presenting them in search results with elements like meta descriptions, meta titles, or rich snippets as clickable links.
A simple text editor can be used to create a homepage by adding HTML elements. This HTML file is then uploaded to a server's directory or domain, allowing users to access the site via the web.
HTML documents can reference additional file types, such as CSS or JavaScript files, which enhance functionality or influence website layout.
Many webmasters opt for "homepage construction kits" or content management systems (CMS) instead of custom programming. CMS platforms like WordPress, Joomla!, and Wix enable easy and professional website creation.
The World Wide Web hosts a diverse array of website types:
Apps, commonly used on smartphones or computers, differ from traditional websites. Comparable to computer software, apps generally require an internet connection. Through app indexing, Android apps can have unique URIs and be indexed by Google, making them akin to websites. However, they are specifically designed for mobile devices, not desktop PCs.